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A good site to test your (mail)-ssl is
https://www.checktls.com/index.html

you first need to generate csr-file (and key). openssl req -new -nodes -keyout mail.server.com.key -out mail.server.com.csr Make sure you use the same host-name as used in your postfix config file (of dovecot or other mail server) in this example mail.server.com , not just the domain. Then send the ...

If it can't write the mails, it can't process the mail to send them.

an extreme solution is to delete the dir

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rm -fr /var/spool/postfix

and do a reinstall

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apt-get reinstall postfix

it will recreate the dir with the correct file-settings.

It looks like postfix does not have access to one or more directories.
Somehow the rights must have been changed.

You can try:

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chown -R postfix /var/spool/postfix

or

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postfix set-permissions

With the up arrow you get the last commands you typed, and press enter to execute it. If you want to run the same command several times, you can use for-loop ( in bash) for n in {1..3}; do <COMMAND>; done repeats 3 times Another option is watch If you want to repeat a command every x seconds, ideal ...

you can use concat to add to already existing string (varchar,text,...)

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UPDATE table_name SET text_field=CONCAT(text_field,'string to add') WHERE  id='1';

It doesn't work if the value is NULL,
It works with an empty string ('').
So you should replace all NULL values with empty string before.

Yes, it look lik this:

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#Set the IP
case $VALUE in
1)
IP=192.168.1.160
NAME='a';
;;
2)
IP=192.168.1.161
NAME='B';
;;
*)
IP=192.168.1.1
NAME='Default';
;;
esac

in this case $VALUE can be 1 or 2,
anything else will result in default.
I think it is a string compare, so you can use anything.

you can also use:

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echo ${STRING: -1}

Just remember that the last character can sometimes be a whitespace ( space, newline ...)

You can work with a sub-query an UNION:

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SELECT table1.id,union_table.name FROM table1 LEFT JOIN 
   (SELECT id,name FROM table2 UNION SELECT id,title AS name FROM table3) 
   AS union_table ON table1.other_id=union_table.id;

The error is because MYSQL is in strict mode (default) You can Check MYSQL mode SELECT @@GLOBAL.sql_mode global, @@SESSION.sql_mode session You change it with the following query; SET sql_mode = ''; or SET GLOBAL sql_mode = ''; Using the keyword GLOBAL requires super privileges and it affects the op...

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